The Positive Effects Of Employment On Lowering Recidivism

Much research has been done regarding the positive effect employment has on lowering recidivism. However, little research has been done to determine the effect a criminal record, including registration as a sex offender, has on finding gainful employment. Holzer’s 1996 study (as cited by Johnson, 2006) found that two-thirds of employers in major cities would avoid hiring known ex-offenders, indicating that regardless of public policies that may make finding employment difficult, ex-offenders ultimately still have to overcome the social stigma of their criminal histories. Negative community attitudes towards criminal history are even worse for those who are registered sex offenders (Willis, Levenson, Ward, 2010). With the addition of†¦show more content†¦However, the researchers also found that the unemployment rate among released offenders was over six times higher than that of the general population at the time of the study in 2009. Furthermore, the unemployment rat e among ex-offenders within nine months of release from prison was between 92-97 percent. Potential Barriers to Employment Unemployment can be especially hard to tackle when a limited number of fields are open to those who are looking for jobs. A 1998 Bureau of Justice Statisitcs Report (as quoted by Travis, Solomon, Waul, 2001) found that a number of fields were off limits to ex-offenders looking for work, including â€Å"law, real estate, medicine, nursing, physical therapy, and education†. Released sex offenders may face further restrictions in which fields they may enter depending on the stipulations of their release. Johnson (2006) notes that due to internet usage restrictions, some released sex offenders are not able to perform jobs that require use of the internet. Such restrictions may severely limit the job opportunities for ex-offenders. Once an ex-offender finds a field in which they can work, they can be subject to further scrutiny through the use of criminal background checks by hiring managers. Nally, et al. (2014) noted a number of studies showing thatShow MoreRelatedHow Recidivism Is Better Than Others, And The Researcher1262 Words   |  6 Pagesquestions will be important for better understanding recidivism, why the government has difficulty in combating it, and also how to improve aftercare programs to decrease the level of recidivism. In this vein, Maltz (1984) took to the analysis of the recidivism phenomenon, reviewing different definitions of the word and relating these definitions to the evaluation of goals programs of the criminal justice system. The researcher also discuss data on recidivism, noting there are different methods for analyzingRead MoreLiterature Review : Recidivism Therapy Research1763 Words   |  8 Pagesssignment 4 Literature Review Recidivism Therapy Research Recidivism therapy research can be a very effective tool, in the combat of lowering rates of recidivism. The focus in cognitive functioning of prisoners can be a very useful in the way we treat repeat offenders. Research shows that changing the way people think about certain behaviors, while providing them with support systems lowers the risk of recidivism rates. We especially see this in the rates of young offenders. Which isRead MoreEssay on Recidivism Rates3545 Words   |  15 PagesLower education rates will raise recidivism rates because many prisoners who lack education and re-enter society will not be self-sufficient as education provides the basis for employment. Heather Ongley Lorena Quintero Amanda Winter Darren Robinson CJA/334 Philip Russo September 17, 2012 Introduction Before understanding the research to be conducted, one must understand the who, what, when, and why of the issue. Many people know and understand that with a better education they willRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States3014 Words   |  13 Pagespresence of recidivism. With our ever growing incarceration rates and the cost of housing individual offenders averaging $22,000 a criminal justice agenda. Recidivism refers to a person s relapse into criminal behavior resulting in rearrests, reconviction or return to prison with or without a new sentence during a three-year period following the prisoner s release (National Institute of Justice.) Many programs have been implemented in our prison system to help reduce the recidivism rates. ProgramsRead MoreEducate A Convict, Close A Prison Door1845 Words   |  8 Pagessecond cause of the detention of such a large number of people is the recidivism rate of over 69% of parolees that are released from prison: the lack of educati on to secure lucrative employment and no support system make reintegration back into society almost impossible (Hattery 13-14) By educating prisoners, treating their drug addictions, and passing fair sentencing laws, America can reduce the prison population and lower the recidivism rates. The mandatory sentencing laws need to be changed becauseRead MoreThe Transition of an Offender from Jail into the Community Essay1901 Words   |  8 PagesMany would say that offenders are hopeless and if one looks at the rate of recidivism, one would definitely think that our nation’s offenders are indeed hopeless. However, what if there was a way to reduce the rate of recidivism and at the same time rehabilitate offenders in order to make them functioning members of the community? Reentry programs that are implemented correctly cannot only reduce the rate of recidivism but at the same time help to rehabilitate an offender through education, treatmentRead MoreEffectiveness of Correctional Rehabilitation Programs3500 Words   |  14 Pagesworks† (Shrum, 2004). Recidivism, the rate at which released offenders return to jail or prison, has become the most accepted outcome measure in corrections. The publics desire to reduce the economic and social costs associated wit h crime and incarceration has resulted in an emphasis on recidivism as an outcome measure of program effectiveness. While correctional facilities continue to grow, corrections make up an increasing amount of state and federal budgets. The recidivism rate in the UnitedRead MoreDrug Court : An Alternative Sentencing Program Essay2302 Words   |  10 Pagesreduce court dockets within the system. Drug court is also known to reduce recidivism rates. This was done through participation of the defendants and justice professionals who are involved in the program. The issues defendants have been face with are address when they are sent to drug court. Most defendants that come into the criminal justice system are faced with depression, homelessness, lack of education, lack of employment, medical and mental health issues, poor motivation, lack of family supportRead MoreDo Prisons Work Essay example2876 Words   |  12 PagesSubsequent Impact on Recidivism upon Individuals being released globally and WA specifically. This study will examine the effectiveness of current prison treatment programs in Australia, New Zealand, South East Asia, United States of America in rehabilitating or reforming an individual and coinciding recidivism rates upon a prisoners release. Prison based treatment programs for sex offenders in Western Australia, New South Wales and New Zealand are examined and recidivism rates compared. TreatmentRead More Chemical Castration and Physical Castration Essay4601 Words   |  19 PagesAnalysis of the Effects of Chemical Castration and Physical Castration on the Recidivism Rates of Sex Offenders Introduction This paper examines the effects of chemical castration and physical castration on the recidivism rates of sex offenders. Using theory integration or the multifactor approach, the findings reveal there are several factors influencing sex offender recidivism. Both chemical castration and physical castration have the potential to reduce the recidivism rates of sex offenders

Gandhi Explanations of Nature and Nurture Essay - 786 Words

Nature vs. Nurture The relative contributions of nature and nurture are an apparent part of human development which makes us ask the question, are heredity and environment opposing forces?(Sternberg 100) The question of nature vs. nurture can be examined and can be attempted to be comprehended in many ways. Our stand on which theory is the correct one is obviously a matter of opinion and makes us wonder if only one of them is truly correct. Nurture seems to be the explanation that holds the most tangible evidence to support it as existing in our everyday life. In psychological attempts to conduct experiments of genetic influences on personality and behavior in the environment psychologists have come to the conclusion that the best way is†¦show more content†¦Nurture argues that who we become depends solely on the environment in which we developed in and also posses the idea that we are not born with any inherited traits that make us who we are today. Nurture is proved simply through the personality differences between my sister and I. I contain an extremely social personality; a people person if you will, while my sister does not inhabit a very social lifestyle at all. I value the strong significance of friendships that I have built in my life while the most valued aspect of her life holds her love for working with children. We have both internalized the lessons and virtues we were raised to make our own, yet, grew up to become completely different beings. Nurture was what we were a result of. The early psychologist Erik Erikson attempted to develop a theory about personality development called psycho social theory of personality development. Obviously, Erikson is in favor of the nurture view he defined his theory as quot;how social factors interact with personality throughout the entire life spanquot; (Sternberg 363). Personality development continues throughout the life span as a result of every new experience within that environment. How could this statement be a false if people make so many transformations throughout the stages of life as individuals? This is all a result living and learning through the interactions within your environment and constantly adding input upon input to continually shape yourself. Through aShow MoreRelatedWithout Connection to Others There Is No Me1863 Words   |  8 PagesWhat am I? And where do I belong?†It is of grave importance that we understand we are simply mere shadows of everybody who is around us. Furthermore our development as an individual is strongly influenced by both nurture and nature. As Indian leader and renowned philosopher, Mahatma Gandhi, once claimed that â€Å"the best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.† Ultimately we need others to help us to explore the limits and potential of what it is to be human. It is generallyRead MoreThe Greatest Philosophers Of History2051 Words   |  9 PagesHow can one truly expect to speculate through wild and whirling words the overwhelming complexity that is human nature? It is undoubtedly one of the more daunting tasks that one can choose to take on, and yet it is far from unprecedented. As human beings, we are fascinated by our own thoughts and tendencies, and the manner in which we conduct ourselves during our short time on earth. It is a topic that has never ceased to fascinate us, for as many aspects of it that remain unchanging throughout theRead MoreThe Issue Of Gender Related Violence2883 Words   |  12 Pagesreduced by way of a stronger state. The second is that the incidence of violence against women is best addressed with greater representation and leadership by women. This paper will examine both of these arguments. It will conclude that neither explanation has the potential to resolve issues of gendered violence independently. The c ombination of a strong state and adequate female representation in parliament will decrease the prevalence of violence against women. Central to this paper will be theRead MoreMultiple Intelligences Seminar and Workshop14464 Words   |  58 PagesTeaching and Learning through Multiple Intelligences Seminar/Workshop Content Outline: PART I – Explanation 1. What is the theory of multiple intelligences (M.I.)? 2. How does this theory differ from the traditional definition of intelligence? 3. What do multiple intelligences have to do with my classroom? 4. How has M.I. theory developed since it was introduced in 1983? 5. Who are the critics of this theory and what do they say? 6. What are some benefits of using theRead MoreEmployee Retention Analysis10575 Words   |  43 Pagesover 2 million people. Ranks 4th out of 60 sectors in the CSO index of Indian economy with a forward linkage of 4.79. Rupees one lakh of output generates 1.3 man years of employment. Steel is a highly capital intensive industry and cyclic in nature. Its growth is intertwined with the growth of the economy at large, and in particular the steel consuming industries such as manufacturing, housing and infrastructure. As India moves ahead in the new millennium, the steel industry will play a criticalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesand the past is not sufficient to explain the future.† Almost no one would argue that â€Å"permanent white water† best characterizes our current environment. Almost everything is in flux, from our technology and methods of transacting business to the nature of education and the definition of the family. INTRODUCTION 3 Despite all this change in our environment, there is something that has remained, and continues to remain, relatively constant. With minor variations and stylistic differences,Read MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesexcept the product to be safe To expect the product to essentially match how the seller represented it To receive adequate information about the product It is in the best interest of marketers to understand the level of consumer standards and the nature of consumer perceptions, as well as what is required to foster realism and accuracy among consumers. Marketing and the Natural Environment Another significant area of social concern is the environment. Marketing is ultimately dependent on theRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesline of authority and vertical chain of command as being most essential to effective management. Follett’s behavioral approach to management was very radical for its time. The Hawthorne Studies and Human Relations Probably because of its radical nature, Follett’s work was unappreciated by managers and researchers until quite recently. Most continued to follow in the footsteps of Taylor and the Gilbreths. To increase efï ¬ ciency, they studied ways to improve various characteristics of the work settingRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagestechnological climate. The virtual library concept, accompanied by changing demographics, ethical issues, social responsibilities, and other forces, requires reexamination of how effectively and efficiently resources of a human, material, and technological nature are used. With all of these new features, the basic theme of the book remains unchanged. The book focuses upon the complex and interrelated functions common to all organizations and is intended specifically for managers and future managers of servicesRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesthem and their parents. In our increasingly wirel ess and digital world music can accompany you wherever you go. In the home, in the car, on your phone or on your PC; music is omnipresent. As our music buying and listening habits change, so too the nature of the music business changes. Within the music business, our focus here is on those that manufacture high-quality sound reproduction equipment. This case study examines the strategic questions facing such ï ¬ rms and points to the difï ¬ culties these

Motives Philippines Free Essays

The Philippines is currently one of the best performing economies in the ASEAN region with a GDP of 6.9% in 2007 (The Economist, 2008). This may be attributed to the presidency’s approach towards economic and fiscal reforms such as the implementation of higher Value Added Taxes (The Economist, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Motives: Philippines or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, peace and order may still be on the process of getting a resolution due to slow progress of arrangements with the MILF together with the problems about terrorist group Abu Sayyaf. Still, the Philippine economy holds as one of the best investment climates in the region in light of the government’s cutting of interest rates. Primarily, the country is very strong in consumer and services sector followed by manufacturing (The Economist, 2008). In terms of the economic conditions of the neighboring countries, Thailand still experiences a strong economic stability in terms of foreign investment measures. The inflation rate is still manageable but the country is faced with problems on political uncertainties (The Economist, 2008). The country however is very strong in sectors like tourism and manufacturing. Singapore also has a very good investment climate because of stabilized government policies just like before. Foreign investors are still keen on entering the market which is especially strong in manufacturing, IT and domestic consuming (The Economist, 2008). Comparatively, the three countries do not actually compete with each other since they all belong in the ASEAN economic block. Although each nation has its own economic strengths, all of them follow the agreed procedures of sharing investment structures as part of the ASEAN’s organization policy. In investing in the Philippines, an investor’s main possible issue is with regards to the current strengthening of the Peso. Primarily, this reflects a weakened US dollar which can make it hard for a foreign investor to maximize the investment values. Add to that the increasing dollar remittances from the country’s overseas workers which devaluates the US dollar more. In terms of business management, there are no actual foreseen problems since the government does not interfere in privately segmented investments (The Economist, 2008) References The Economist. 2008. Country Briefings: Profiles, Forecasts, Statistics. Retrieved January 27, 2008 from http://www.economist.com/countries/. How to cite Motives: Philippines, Essay examples

Managing Across Borders for Globalization - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theManaging Across Borders for Globalization. Answer: Introduction: Globalization has supported the companies to expand their business at global level. The companies try to set up their business in the international market so that they can cover large masses of customers and thus enhance their business as well as revenue. Globalization has made this easy for the companies to go global (Aaker and McLoughlin, 2009). It has been analysed that the nature of market and culture at different countries is very different. Thus, the companies have to make a strategic choice of standardization or adaptations in the international market, if it wants to settle their business at the international land. Standardization strategy allows the company to be standard with their products and the strategies that has been used at the parent country by the company and using the same within the international market. On the other hand, adaptation strategy is the strategy that allows the organization to adapt the local market culture and alter the traditional or original strate gies or products of the parent company according to the host country. This is the situation where the company has to take decisions over marketing and the product strategies that have been implemented in the different part of the world for expansion of the business (Turnbull and Valla, 2013). This essay mainly focuses on developing the understanding of different aspect of adaptation straggles and the process of adapting the same in the international market. The discussion follows with various techniques that have been used in adaptation strategies in terms of market and the products. Managing across borders is the term used to manage the international market. The process of selecting one of the marketing strategies is followed by the companies who want to operate in international market. Following the whole process allow the company to adapt one of the strategies. Adaptation strategy is basically used by those companies who wants to have local touch in their products and wants the p eople to feel the connection with the brands (Cateora, 2008). It has been analysed that adaptation strategy provides many benefits to the companies such as localization and connect to the local people, better customers satisfactions, good relations with the customers and the foreign government etc. In addition to these benefits, some of the disadvantages have also been faced by the companies if it adopts the localization strategy. Some of the disadvantages are loss of actual identity of the firm; more time and effort is required to analyse different market and developing different strategies, high cost etc. the discussion below decreases the topic in detail and provides the understanding of various aspects of adaptation strategies in global market. International market: As the term suggests, international market is the market that is in the foreign country. Marketing in international land is the very common trend that has been found in the businesses these days. Many researchers have been taken place and are still in progress with regards to the understanding of purchase behaviour and demands of the people in different countries (Terpstra, Foley and Sarathy, 2012). International marketing is also defined as the process of identifying the demands of the customers across the boundaries and fulfilling them with some of the strategies. The companies have to take global decisions in terms of marketing to the international land by making variations in some of the marketing mix elements. Companies tend to face many challenges in case if international marketing regarding the strategies to adopt (Soares, Farhangmehr and Shoham, 2007). They generally have two choices, standardization and adaptation. Factors that affect the choice of strategy: The alteration in the marketing mix elements of the company for international marketing is required because of the differences in various factors across borders. Some of the factors that drive the change in marketing mix elements are: Language: language is the very important factor that drives the change in the original strategy of the company in terms of marketing in international market. This is because different countries have different native languages (Doole and Lowe, 2008). It is not possible for the organizations to advertise their products in the same parent language in all over the world. Taste: for the companies which deal with food products, it is very difficult to serve every international market with similar products. This is because the taste and the choices if the people in different countries are different. Culture: It is a known fact that values and culture of the people in different countries are very different. Thus, serving each and every market with the similar products and by the same strategies cannot work at every place (Pappu, Quester and Cooksey, 2007). Consumer habits: As far as the consumer behaviour and the habits are considered, it has been analysed that it is not necessary that the products for that is very popular in one country could be popular in another company as well. This is because of the change in consumer habits and their behaviour to purchase the products. This let the organization change the price, products and the marketing strategies. Economic factors: different countries have different type of economic level (Griffin and Pustay, 2012). It is not necessary that every country can afford to buy the products in high price and thus the companies have to later their products quality as well as the price level according to the economic conditions of the country. The localization school of thought: The localization school of though is also called as adaptation school of thought. This suggests that there should be non-standardized advertising approach in the international market. It talks about the different advertising campaigns that have been formed by the companies for different markets even in the similar country or in international country (Zhou, Wu and Barnes, 2012). The school argues that there are different people in different country as well as different people in the similar country according to the region. It has been analysed that when the localized strategy is applied in terms of deciding the marketing plan then it is necessary to take into account the differences in the market type and sixe of different places. Localization or the adaptation strategy for each and every place should have the local touch in them so that the people of that place can feel related to that products or service (Cadogan, 2012). The differences that majorly needs to be considered are cultur e, language, demography, economy, beliefs etc. it has been recommended to all the MNCs by the experts that they should choose the adaptation or the localization strategy because it is very important to overcome the cultural barriers that exists at every place. It is not possible that single marketing campaign can attract the customers of all places (Vrontis and Thrassou, 2007). This school of thought generally considered the differences at the places but fails to acknowledge the similarities and homogeneity of the market at different places. This suggests that the companies can use the standardized strategy only when the market is similar. This requires the companies to conduct the market analysis before deciding over the marketing strategy or before releasing any of the products (Griffith, 2010). This is because the places with similar market conditions and taste of the customers can be served with similar market strategies. Adaptation as customers orientation strategy: Adaptation strategy is about changing the different aspects of the products and services according to the international market needs. It provides the benefit of meeting the different needs of the different market all over the world. This allows the companies to have greater achievement of customer satisfaction (Chung, 2009). Developing products requires a process be followed. In this process, the stage of product development needs the alteration according to the differences at the different places that needs to be served by that product. There are many factors that support h strategy of adaptation over the strategy of standardization. The factors are the government policies of different places, condition of consumption and consumer behaviour. Most of the companies believe in adapting the strategies and altering their marketing mix. There are many examples that can be studied to have an idea about the difference in strategies of the company at different places. For example, Nokia is t he firm that sell its products with low cost strategy in Africa. This is because the consumer buying power of Africa is low as compared to other countries (Turnbull and Paliwoda, 2012). On the other hand, Nokia serves the people with smartphones like Lumia which are of high price to the places like North America and Europe where the buying power of the consumers is high in nature. McDonalds also uses the strategy of adaptation in order to serve the international market. The company believes in analysing the market and the taste of the people before entering the same. As the McDonalds men is considered it started its operation by serving Hamburgers to the people and succeeded. But, when the company enters the country like India, it takes different approach. The failure of KFC in India at tits initial sate suggests that McDonald should come with some of the veg burgers in India in order to attract the customers because most of the people there are vegans. This suggests that adaptation strategy of the company was customers oriented. It has been analysed that the change in the strategy of the company is the response to the changes in the market of the place. Adaptation strategies at different place also help the company to reduce the risks of failure. This is because; it is using different strategies at different places. One of the strategies can fail but all the strategies cannot be failed. Causes of adaptation strategy in marketing mix: Marketing mix contains the elements of the market such as products, price, place and promotion. Below discussion argues about the cause that drives the changes in the elements of the marketing mix when the adaptation strategy has been implemented: Product: the various causes that drive the changes in the products of the company if adaptation strategy has been implemented are government regulations, habits of the consumers, difference in culture and standards of the products. This is because it is required by the company to follow different regulation set of the respective government at different places (Zhou and Li, 2010). The consumer habits can also be different and thus affect the type of products that can be used by them. As far as the strategy of Nestle in considered, it released various range of Kit Kat in Japan. This is because the bar got very famous and popular in the country. Dominos and Dunkin Donuts are more examples of the companies that make alterations in the r products in order to serve different markets according to the relevant culture and choices. Price: different markets have different profit and sale volume. This this creates difference in the consumer power of buying things (Chhokar, Brodbeck and House, 2013). It needs to be considered by the multinational companies in ore to set the prices at different places or market at international level. Place: Place involves the factors such as nature of the market, characteristics of the customers of that place, laws and legislations etc. these factors drives the companies to make the changes in choosing the way or the location from where the products needs to be distributed. Promotion: there are different ways in which the customers can be attracted towards the products. Thus, it is required by the company to make changes in the marketing and promotional techniques to serve different markets (Tempel and Walgenbach, 2007). In this process, the company needs to consider the market conditions and the type of the customers. Benefits of adaptation strategies: As far as the benefits of adaptation strategy is considered, it has been analysed that there are many benefits of the strategy. Some of them are discussed below: Customer satisfaction: As discussed that adaptation strategy is the strategy that allow the organization adapt the local touch of the place where the products needs to be released or marketed. This helps in making connection with the customers (Steers, Sanchez-Runde and Nardon, 2010). As the customers feel related to the products, they will definitely be satisfied with the products. If there is no relativity between the products and the customers, then it will be difficult for the company to sell the products in that market (Michaels, 2008). Reduction of failure risk: as adaptation strategy helps in serving each and every market with different strategies, it reduces the risk if failure of the strategy. One strategy can be failed but all cannot be failed. In case of standardization, the similar strategy is used to different market and thus there is high risk of failure at every place. Rapid response to changes: It has been analysed that adaptation strategy helps in changing and altering the original strategy or the products of the company so that the local market needs can be fulfilled. This enables the company to respond to the changes that occur in the market rapidly (Ghemawat, 2007). This is because the company has already made the strategy and the products according to the needs and environment of the international market. If there are any changes in the market then it will be easy for the company to adapt such changed in the strategies as well. Effective communication: This is the most obvious benefit that can be achieved by the companies using the adaptation strategy in the international market. This is because of the company is adapting the localization strategy; it can easily communicate with the local people of the place (Deresky, 2017). Standardization strategy allows them to communicate in the uniform manner at all places. It is not necessary that every country can have same level of understanding and thus becomes difficult to deal with the market. Good relationship with foreign government: implementing the adaptation strategy also helps in developing good relationship with the foreign country government. This is because, in the adaptation strategy; the company generally follows the regulations formed by the international government and also have the local touch in their products. Ease of access: It is also one of the obvious benefits that can enjoy by the companies adopting the localization strategy. Drawbacks of adaptation strategy: Low speed of implementation: It has been analysed that adaptation strategy is the strategy that requires the companies to conduct the analysis of different market and their culture in order to about the same. This requires a lot of time for the company to implement such changes at every place (Knight and Landres, 2013). The process of gaining the knowledge of different market takes a lot of efforts and time and thus the market strategy also delays. Standardization strategy can easily be implemented as only on strategy has to be implemented at every place. Compromise with the core competitive advantage: adaptation strategy is implemented to the large scale in different countries with different variations. These variations results in loss of original identity of the company (Davis, 2007). As far as the brand like NIKE is concerned, it has been analysed that the major identity of the company is dynamism and active life style. As the company market its products with the slogan called Just Do It. There are possibilities that the company can lose its identity at different places if the localization touch is being imposed on the strategies of marketing at different countries (Jones, 2007). Conclusion: This report concludes that there are two types of strategies that can be used by the companies at international market. One of the strategies is standardization and another one is adaptation strategy. There are different factors that affect the decision of choosing the relevant strategy to serve the market. Some of the factors are language, culture, customer behaviour etc. Adaptation strategy is most popular and has been used by many companies now a day. Adaptation strategy is the strategy that deals with making the alterations in the original strategy of the company in consideration with the differences in the different market. The major elements that are been altered by the company in the adaptation strategies are product, price, place and promotion. These are the marketing mix elements that need to be changed according to the condition and the situations at the international market. There are many benefits of using adaptation strategy that can be enjoyed by the company such as loc alization and connect to the local people, better customers satisfactions, good relations with the customers and the foreign government etc. In addition to these benefits, some of the disadvantages have also been faced by the companies if it adopts the localization strategy. Some of the disadvantages are loss of actual identity of the firm; more time and effort is required to analyse different market and developing different strategies, high cost etc. References: Aaker, D.A. and McLoughlin, D., 2009.Strategic market management: global perspectives. John Wiley Sons. Cadogan, J.W., 2012. International marketing, strategic orientations and business success: reflections on the path ahead.International Marketing Review,29(4), pp.340-348. Cateora, P.R., 2008.International Marketing 13E (Sie). Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Chhokar, J.S., Brodbeck, F.C. and House, R.J. eds., 2013.Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Chung, H.F., 2009. Structure of marketing decision making and international marketing standardisation strategies.European Journal of Marketing,43(5/6), pp.794-825. Davis, K., 2007.The making of our bodies, ourselves: How feminism travels across borders. Duke University Press. Deresky, H., 2017.International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India. Doole, I. and Lowe, R., 2008.International marketing strategy: analysis, development and implementation. Cengage Learning EMEA. Ghemawat, P., 2007.Redefining global strategy: Crossing borders in a world where differences still matter. Harvard Business Press. Griffin, R.W. and Pustay, M.W., 2012.International business. Pearson Higher Ed. Griffith, D.A., 2010. Understanding multi-level institutional convergence effects on international market segments and global marketing strategy.Journal of World Business,45(1), pp.59-67. Jones, A., 2007. More than managing across borders?The complex role of face-to-face interaction in globalizing law firms.Journal of Economic Geography,7(3), pp.223-246. Knight, R.L. and Landres, P. eds., 2013.Stewardship across boundaries. Island Press. Michaels, J.E., 2008. Detection, localization and characterization of damage in plates with an in situ array of spatially distributed ultrasonic sensors.Smart Materials and Structures,17(3), p.035035. Pappu, R., Quester, P.G. and Cooksey, R.W., 2007. Country image and consumer-based brand equity: relationships and implications for international marketing.Journal of International Business Studies,38(5), pp.726-745. Soares, A.M., Farhangmehr, M. and Shoham, A., 2007. Hofstede's dimensions of culture in international marketing studies.Journal of business research,60(3), pp.277-284. Steers, R.M., Sanchez-Runde, C.J. and Nardon, L., 2010.Management across cultures: Challenges and strategies. Cambridge University Press. Tempel, A. and Walgenbach, P., 2007. Global standardization of organizational forms and management practices? What new institutionalism and the business?systems approach can learn from each other.Journal of Management Studies,44(1), pp.1-24. Terpstra, V., Foley, J. and Sarathy, R., 2012.International marketing. Naper Press. Turnbull, P.W. and Paliwoda, S.J. eds., 2012.Research in international marketing(Vol. 39). Routledge. Turnbull, P.W. and Valla, J.P. eds., 2013.Strategies for international industrial marketing. Routledge. Vrontis, D. and Thrassou, A., 2007. Adaptation vs. standardization in international marketingthe country-of-origin effect.Innovative marketing,3(4), pp.7-20. Zhou, K.Z. and Li, C.B., 2010. How strategic orientations influence the building of dynamic capability in emerging economies.Journal of Business Research,63(3), pp.224-231. Zhou, L., Wu, A. and Barnes, B.R., 2012. The effects of early internationalization on performance outcomes in young international ventures: the mediating role of marketing capabilities.Journal of International Marketing,20(4), pp.25-45.